Vocal cord polyps are noncancerous (benign) growths that form on the vocal cords. They are typically fluid-filled, soft masses that develop due to vocal trauma or vocal abuse. Prolonged or excessive use of the vocal cords, such as frequent yelling, shouting, or speaking loudly, can lead to the formation of polyps. These polyps are similar to vocal cord nodules, which are callus-like growths, but differ in their appearance and location. While nodules appear on both vocal cords, polyps tend to develop on only one cord.

The symptoms of vocal polyps can vary depending on their size and location. Some common indicators include:

1. Hoarseness: The voice may become raspy, breathy, or weak, making it difficult to speak or sing clearly.

2. Changes in Pitch: The voice may sound higher or lower than usual.

3. Vocal Fatigue: It becomes harder to sustain the voice, leading to increased fatigue during or after speaking.

4. Pain or Discomfort: There may be a sensation of pain, discomfort, or a foreign body in the throat.

5. Vocal Breaks: The voice may crack or break during speaking or singing.

The treatment of vocal cord polyps depends on several factors, including the size, location, and severity of the polyp. In many cases, conservative management is the initial approach, aiming to reduce vocal strain and promote healing. This may include:

1. Vocal rest: It is crucial to give the vocal cords ample time to recover by avoiding excessive talking, singing, or yelling.

2. Voice therapy: Working with a speech-language pathologist can help improve vocal techniques and promote healthy vocal habits.

3. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water can keep the vocal cords lubricated and prevent further irritation.

4. Avoiding irritants: Refraining from smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental pollutants can aid in the healing process.

Vocal cord surgery, also known as phono surgery or laryngeal surgery, is a medical intervention aimed at treating various vocal cord conditions and improving vocal function. It is typically performed by an otolaryngologist or laryngologist, specialized doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. Vocal cord surgery may be recommended for various conditions, including vocal cord polyps, nodules, cysts, tumors, and other structural abnormalities. In this article, we will explore different types of vocal cord surgery and some important considerations.

1. Microlaryngoscopy: This procedure is commonly used for diagnostic purposes and the removal of small vocal cord lesions. Microlaryngoscopy is performed under general anesthesia, and a laryngoscope is used to visualize the vocal cords. Through microsurgical instruments, the surgeon can remove or biopsy abnormal tissue while minimizing trauma to the surrounding structures.

2. Laser Surgery: Laser technology has revolutionized vocal cord surgery by offering precise and minimally invasive options. In laser surgery, a high-energy beam of light is used to remove or vaporize abnormal tissue. Laser surgery is often used for vocal cord polyps, papillomas, and other benign lesions. It allows for precise targeting of the abnormal tissue while minimizing damage to healthy vocal cord tissue.

3. Vocal Cord Injection: Vocal cord injections are performed to improve vocal cord function by adding volume or altering the shape of the vocal cords. This procedure is commonly used for vocal cord paralysis or paresis, where one or both vocal cords are unable to move properly. Various substances can be injected into the vocal cords, such as hyaluronic acid, collagen, or fat. The injected material helps improve vocal cord closure and voice production.

4. Vocal Fold Medialization: In cases of vocal cord paralysis or paresis, where the vocal cord does not close properly, vocal fold medialization may be performed. This procedure involves repositioning the affected vocal cord to improve vocal cord closure. Different techniques can be used, such as implants or sutures, to push the paralyzed or weakened vocal cord towards the midline, allowing for improved vocal cord function.

5. Vocal Cord Resection: Vocal cord resection is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the vocal cord is removed. It is often performed for vocal cord tumors or other conditions that require the removal of abnormal tissue. The extent of the resection depends on the size, location, and nature of the abnormality. After the resection, the remaining healthy vocal cord tissue is usually sutured together, allowing for better vocal cord function.

It is important to note that vocal cord surgery is not without risks and potential complications. Some common risks include bleeding, infection, changes in voice quality, and scarring. The specific risks depend on the type of surgery performed and the individual patient's characteristics. It is crucial to discuss these risks with the surgeon and have a clear understanding of the potential benefits and drawbacks of the procedure.

Post-operative care is essential for successful recovery after vocal cord surgery. This may include voice rest, voice therapy, and following the surgeon's instructions for proper wound care and vocal cord healing. Voice therapy is particularly important to optimize vocal recovery, reduce the risk of complications, and develop healthy vocal habits.

Preventing vocal cord polyps and related conditions, such as vocal nodules, is crucial for maintaining optimal vocal health. Here are some preventive measures that can help protect your vocal cords:

1. Vocal Hygiene: Avoid excessive or prolonged use of the voice, especially in noisy environments. Take regular breaks during long periods of speaking or singing.

2. Proper Vocal Technique: Learn proper breathing techniques and vocal projection to reduce strain on the vocal cords.

3. Hydration: Drink sufficient water to keep the vocal cords hydrated and maintain their elasticity.

4. Warm-Up Exercises: Prior to speaking or singing, perform vocal warm-up exercises to prepare the vocal cords for activity.

5. Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and manage stress levels, as these factors can indirectly impact vocal cord health.