Turbinate reduction is a surgical procedure performed to reduce the size of the nasal turbinates, which are bony structures covered with nasal lining inside the nose. The turbinates help humidify and filter the air we breathe, but when they become enlarged or swollen due to conditions such as chronic nasal congestion or allergies, they can obstruct airflow and cause breathing difficulties. Turbinate reduction aims to improve nasal airflow by reducing the size of the turbinates.

Turbinate reduction is performed to address chronic nasal congestion and breathing difficulties caused by enlarged or swollen nasal turbinates. The procedure is often recommended when conservative treatments, such as nasal sprays or allergy medications, have been ineffective in relieving symptoms. Turbinate reduction may also be done in combination with other nasal surgeries, such as septoplasty or sinus surgery, to optimize nasal airflow and improve overall nasal function.

There are several methods for turbinate reduction, including:

Submucosal Resection: This procedure involves removing a portion of the turbinate tissue from within the nasal cavity while preserving the outer nasal lining.

Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction: In this minimally invasive technique, radiofrequency energy is used to heat and shrink the turbinate tissue.

Laser Turbinate Reduction: Laser energy is used to reduce the size of the turbinates by vaporizing or removing excess tissue.

Coblation Turbinate Reduction: This technique uses controlled radiofrequency energy to remove or shrink the turbinate tissue. The specific method used depends on the individual's condition and the surgeon's preference.

Turbinate reduction surgery is typically performed under local or general anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The procedure can be done using various techniques, including endoscopic approaches. Your surgeon will discuss the details of the surgery with you, including the specific technique being used. After the procedure, you may experience some nasal congestion, swelling, or mild discomfort, which can be managed with pain medications and nasal irrigations.

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with turbinate reduction. These may include bleeding, infection, scarring, changes in nasal sensation, nasal crusting, persistent or worsened nasal congestion, or a temporary or permanent alteration in nasal airflow. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of the procedure with your surgeon before deciding.

Turbinate reduction can help alleviate nasal congestion and improve nasal airflow, but it may not provide a complete cure for all cases. The success of the procedure depends on various factors, including the underlying cause of nasal congestion, the severity of the turbinate enlargement, and individual response to treatment. It is important to have realistic expectations and discuss the anticipated outcomes with your surgeon.

In some cases, turbinate enlargement can recur after turbinate reduction surgery. This may happen if the underlying cause of turbinate enlargement, such as allergies or chronic inflammation, is not adequately addressed. Following your surgeon's postoperative instructions, managing any underlying conditions, and maintaining good nasal hygiene can help reduce the risk of recurrence.

Turbinate reduction surgery is primarily focused on improving nasal airflow and relieving nasal congestion. While it may indirectly improve the sense of smell by reducing congestion and nasal blockage, it is not specifically targeted at enhancing the sense of smell. If you have concerns about your sense of smell, it is important to discuss them with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management.

Before considering turbinate reduction surgery, various conservative treatments are often attempted to relieve nasal congestion and improve nasal airflow. These may include nasal sprays, allergy medications, nasal irrigation, avoiding triggers, or addressing underlying conditions. If these conservative measures do not provide sufficient relief, and if turbinate enlargement significantly affects your quality of life, then turbinate reduction surgery may be considered as a potential treatment option. However, it is important to consult with an ENT specialist who can evaluate your specific condition and recommend the most appropriate course of action.